學(xué)好英語不是一件容易的事情,但要學(xué)得巧,效果就另當(dāng)別論了。所謂“學(xué)得巧”,是指在英語學(xué)習(xí)中靈活運(yùn)用一定的學(xué)習(xí)方法,變枯燥乏味的學(xué)習(xí)為一件快慰的事情,使我們?cè)綄W(xué)越想學(xué),越學(xué)越覺得學(xué)無止境。古人云:天下無難事,只怕有心人。學(xué)英語就需要做個(gè)有心人,需要在學(xué)習(xí)過程中隨時(shí)不忘收集語言信息,經(jīng)過一段時(shí)期再對(duì)所收集的信息進(jìn)行加工處理。對(duì)所學(xué)的知識(shí)進(jìn)行再學(xué)習(xí),再認(rèn)識(shí),從而達(dá)到我們學(xué)習(xí)英語的目標(biāo)――掌握英語的語言規(guī)律和提高我們正確使用英語的能力。下面就一些語言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行歸納,比較及辨析:

一、區(qū)分英語中的“看”和漢語中的“看”

1．請(qǐng)看黑板。Please look at the blackboard．

2．看那里,我想什么東西燒著了。Look over There．I Think something is burning．

3．他不能看見人群,因?yàn)樗�是瞎子。He cannot see the crowd for he is blind．

4．我看見這個(gè)盒子是空的。I saw that the box was empty．

注:look,表示“看”或“瞧”,強(qiáng)調(diào)將視線集中在某物上,不表明是否看清楚或看見什么;see,表示“看見”或“看到”,是指視力范圍內(nèi)能看見的人或物,強(qiáng)調(diào)看見了。

5．她一直注視著火車,直到看不見為止。She watched the train till it disappeared from sight．

6．你是參加玩呢,還是僅僅旁觀？Are you going to play or only watch？

7．我媽媽每晚都看電視。My mother watches TV every evening．

8．上周我就看過這部電影了。I saw the film last week．

注:watch,表示“觀看”或“注視”,多表示極有興趣地用眼睛注視著活動(dòng)的人和物。英語中看電影、戲劇習(xí)慣用see;而看電視,球賽用watch。

9．他親眼看見這次車禍。He witnessed the accident himself．

10．他親眼目睹了那場戰(zhàn)斗。He witnessed the battle．

注:witness，表示“目睹”或“目擊”,表示聚精會(huì)神地注視他人或某事件的全過程。

11．他在看書,別去打優(yōu)他。He was reading a book．Don’t bother him．

12．啟動(dòng)微機(jī)前請(qǐng)看說明書。Read the instructions before you start the computer．

注:read,“看書,看報(bào)”等的看,表示不僅看,而且要理解所看的內(nèi)容。

二、比較英語中幾個(gè)易混淆的“受傷”

1．That soldier was wounded in the battle．那個(gè)戰(zhàn)士在戰(zhàn)斗中受傷了。

2．Six people injured when the big tree fell．大樹倒了,傷了六個(gè)人。

3．She slipped and hurt her knee．她滑倒了,摔傷了膝蓋。注:從以上三個(gè)例句我們可以看出“hurt”受傷的程度不如“wound”和“injure”;而“injure”著重于“意外”地受傷。

4．He felt wounded in his honour．他感到他的榮譽(yù)受到了傷害。

5．His reputation will be badly injured by these vicious rumours．這些惡毒的謠言會(huì)嚴(yán)重?fù)p害他的名譽(yù)。

6．A lot of companies will be hurt by these new tax laws．很多公司會(huì)受到這些新稅法的損害。

注:通過4、5、6例句,表明“wound／injure／hurt”除了能表示身體上的“受傷”而且還能指“精神上”的“受傷”。

7．The cat scratched my younger sister．貓抓傷了我的小妹妹。

8．I scratched the side of the car as I was driving through the gate．我開車進(jìn)大門時(shí),把汽車外皮擦傷了。

9．There is a lot of blood on his finger．He cut it on a piece of metal．他的手指被塊金屬片割傷了,流了好多血。

三、加深理解非謂語動(dòng)詞的不同時(shí)態(tài)在句中的用法

1．These reptiles are thought to live among rocks．People think that these reptiles live among rocks．

2．Some dinosaurs are thought to have lived in swamps．People think that some dinosaurs lived in swamps．

注:通過例句1和2各句的轉(zhuǎn)換可以得知“to live”表示現(xiàn)在的情況;“to have lived”表示過去的情況。

3．When you have used the paper cups once，you throw them away．Having used the paper cups once，you throw them away．

注:在例句3中用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式替換了“when”引導(dǎo)的從句。用分詞的完成式來說明“use”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句的謂語動(dòng)詞“Throw”之前。

4．The bridge which is being built across the river is not a suspension bridge．The bridge being built across the river is not a suspension bridge．

注:在例句4中用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式替換了“which”導(dǎo)引的定語從句,說明現(xiàn)在分詞“being built”的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。

5．The problem which will be discussed is what laser is. The problem to be discussed is what laser is.

注:在例句5中用不定式的一般式替換了“which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句,說明不定式“to be discussed ”的動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生。通過上面的例子,筆者是想說明,只要在英語學(xué)習(xí)中能自覺地運(yùn)用歸納,比較及辨析的方法,就能鞏固所學(xué)的知識(shí),達(dá)到靈活運(yùn)用的目的。