限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句

一、限制性定語從句

　　1、形式上：不用逗號“，”與主句隔開。

　　2、意義上：是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達不完整。

　　3、譯法上：譯成先行詞的定語：“．．．的”

　　4、關系詞的使用上：A．作賓語時可省略  B．可用that   C．可用who 代替whom

　　5、限制性定語從句舉例：

　　The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.

　　老師告訴我說湯姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。

　　China is a country which has a long history.  中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。

　　In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.  在街上我看到一個來自非洲的人。

二、非限制性定語從句

　　1、形式上：用逗號“，”與主句隔開。

　　2、意義上：只是對先行詞的補充說明，如刪除，主句仍能表達完整的意思。

　　3、譯法上：通常譯成主句的并列句。

　　4、關系詞的使用上：A．不可省略        B．不用that    C．不可用who 代替whom

　　5、非限制性定語從句舉例 ：

　　His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.  他媽媽十分地愛他，對他要求很嚴格。

　　China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.

　　中國是1949年成立的， 現在正變得越來越強大。

　　Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year.

　　去年夏天，我參觀了人民大會堂，在那兒每年都要舉行許多重要會議。

　　注意：as和which 引導的非限定性定語從句的比較：

　　1）非限定性定語從句位于句未，而且as 和which 在從句中作主語、賓語、表語時可互換。

　　He is a farmer, as/which is clear from his manner.

　　This elephant is like a snake, as/which anybody can see.

　　2）which 引導的非限定性定語從句一般放在句未，而as 引導的非限定性定語從句可放在句未，也可放在句中、句首。放在句首時不能用which 替換,只能用as。

　　Crusoe lost his dog, which made him very sad

　　Taiwan is part of China, as/which is known to all.

　　As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.

　　3）as引導非限定性定語從句時，意為“這一點、這件事” “正如…”，常與see，hope，expect，know，guess等動詞搭配；而which引導非限定性定語從句時與主句有一種因果關系，可譯為“所以……”。

　　The color, as you all know, is dark red.

　　Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.

            二、綜合練習

　　（一）先行詞是人的定語從句：

　　1. Is he the man__________ wants to see you?

　　2.  He is the professor ____________ I met yesterday.

　　3.  The famous film star, _______ has played many roles, will act as a blind woman in her next film.

　　4.  The man _____ _____ I would turn when I am in trouble is my Chinese teacher.

　　5.  This is the student _____ ____ I like to play.

　　6.  The girl _____ ____ I didn’t agree is one of the students ________study hard in our class.

　　7. He is the teacher ______ son is a soldier.

　　8.  He is the teacher ______ ____ son we often like to argue.

　　9   He is the teacher _____ _____class my son study.

　　10. There are about 15 teachers in our grade, some_____ ____ are women teachers.

　　11. She is one of the students _____ ______(know) my secret.

　　12. She is the only one of the students ______ _______ (know) my secret.

　　（二）先行詞是物的定語從句：

　　1. The house _______ is in the back of our classroom is the teacher’s office.

　　2. The house________ door faces north is our teachers’ office.

　　3. The house ________ you saw is a library.

　　4. The house_____ ____ door there is “ Be Quiet” is our teachers’ office.

　　5. These are all the things______ I can get for you.

　　6. The only thing _______ I can do is to wait.

　　7. I can still remember the first toy ________my mother bought for me.

　　8. There is nothing ______can keep me back..

　　9. They are the very things______ make us interested.

　　10. We should care more about the people and the things ______are around us.

　　11. These are the situations ________ we often feel nervous.

　　12. This is the way ___________ I solve problems.

　　（三）先行詞是時間的定語從句：

　　1. I always remember the days __________we spent together.

　　2. I always remember the days __________ we played together.

　　3. I always remember the days ___________ are my family’s birthday.

　　4. I always remember the days ___________I lived with my grandparents.

　　5.I will remember the date ___________I joined the Party.

　　6.It is Oct, 1 1949 _________ new china was founded.

　　7.It is on Oct, 1 1949__________new china was founded.

　　（四）先行詞是地點的定語從句：

　　1. Xiamen ,_______ lies in the south east of China is a beautiful city.

　　2. Xiamen________ we live in is a beautiful city.

　　3. Xiamen __________many foreigners come to visit is a beautiful city.

　　比較：Xiamen _____ _______ many foreigners come to pay a visit is a beautiful city.

　　It is Xiamen _______ people have special mid-autumn game.

　　It is in Xiamen _______people have special mid-autumn game.

　　（五）先行詞是原因的定語從句：

　　1. I quite agree with the reason ________ you told me.

　　2. I don’t believe the reason ________ you were late this morning.

　　3. The reason ______ I didn’t know the answer is _____I didn’t review my lesson.

　　The reason ______ I got up late is that I stayed up too late, doing my homework.

　　This is the reason _________ caused me late for school today.

　　（六）修飾整個句子的定語從句：

　　1. He is always talking in class, ______often makes the teacher angry.

　　2. That question was too hard to answer,______ cost me much time.

　　3. There are many books in the bag, _______makes it heavy to carry.

　　4. You gave me much help, ________is very kind of you.

　　（七）其他形式的定語從句：

　　1. I like such students ____you talked about.

　　2. Such things_____ they did are not welcome.

　　3. ____ we can guess from the way he speaks, he is from America.

　　4. Taiwan, ____ we all know, is one part of China.

　　5. Some people like it while some dislike it, _______ is always the case.

　　6. ____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

　　7. He passed the exam,______ we had expected.

　　8. _____ was said above, many people have realized the importance of learning English.

　　9. I like the same pen _____ you have.

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