現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)

肯定形式：sb have/has been doing sth

否定形式：sb have/has not been doing sth

一般疑問句：Have/Has sb been doing sth?

特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句

2. 用法

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)多用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如live, learn, lie, stay, sit, wait, stand, rest, study等，并常和all the time(一直)，this week, this month, all the morning, recently等狀語(yǔ)以及since和for所引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句或短語(yǔ)連用（since和for連用時(shí)，動(dòng)作常會(huì)繼續(xù)下去）。

① 表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，并且還將持續(xù)下去

例：I have been learning English since three years ago. (動(dòng)作可能會(huì)持續(xù)下去)

② 表示在說話時(shí)刻之前剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作

  We have been waiting for you for half an hour. (動(dòng)作不再繼續(xù)下去了)

3. 注意：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)側(cè)重于動(dòng)作尚未完成和仍在進(jìn)行，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作。

例：I have read his latest book. 我已經(jīng)讀過他的新書。(動(dòng)作已完成)

      I have been reading his latest book. 我一直在讀他的新書。(動(dòng)作未完成)

      She has stayed in Beijing for six weeks. 她已在北京呆了六周。(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已完成)

      She has been staying in Beijing for six weeks. 她在北京呆了有六周了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性)

說的很抽象是不是，在此給一個(gè)秘籍，綜合這幾年的考題，如果選項(xiàng)中同時(shí)出現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，則可以優(yōu)先考慮現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（通常正常選項(xiàng)為這個(gè)）而如果選項(xiàng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為表示頻率的詞，例如：once、twice、xxx times，除外

32.   She _____ with the symphony orchestra three times this season.

      A. played                           

      B. has played               

      C. has been playing             

      D. is playing

這道題你選什么呢？

      答案：C

練一練

1. 觀察下列例句，將序號(hào)填入對(duì)應(yīng)用法之后的空白欄中

⑴I received a letter from a friend yesterday. We had not heard from each other since 1990

⑵I hope we'll have got the instructions (說明書) ready before you come tomorrow.

⑶We had hoped to catch the 9:30 train, but we failed to.

⑷I had no sooner returned than he called.

⑸I have been waiting an hour and he still hasn't turned up.

⑹I have cleaned the house. It’s tidy now.

⑺I have watched him several times.

⑻It is the first time that I have visited the Beijing Zoo.

⑼I am very tired. I have been working all morning.

⑽We have discussed the topic (for) the last 3 weeks.

⑾This is the most terrible movie that I have ever watched.

2. 單項(xiàng)選擇

1. ---Jack, do you know anything about Doctor Brown?

   ---I ______ to him for years. I don’t see how anyone else could do better.
     A. went

     B. will go

     C. had gone

     D. have been going

2. --- Why do you want to apply for the position as a history teacher?

   --- This is the job that I ______.
     A. looked for

     B. had looked for

     C. will look for

     D. have been looking for

3.--- This is the most exciting movie I have ever watched.

  --- Where did you get that DVD? I ______ to find it since last summer.

     A. was trying

     B. tried

     C. had tried

     D. have been trying

4. Since he left our school last August, Mr. Newman ______ on a photography exhibition.

     A. worked

     B. is working

     C. had worked

     D. has been working

5. --- Several hotels in this area are closing down．

   --- That's because tourism itself ____ since last year．

     A. is declining

     B. declined

     C. had declined

     D. has been declining

6. --- I           for more than 30 years! I'm going to retire soon．

   --- Really? You don’t look a day over 40．

     A. worked

     B. have been working

     C. had worked

     D. am working

7. --- Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?

   --- No, but we          to get in touch with them ever since

     A. have tried

     B. had tried

     C. have been trying

     D. had been trying

8. The manager ______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.

     A. has told

     B. is telling

     C. has been telling

     D. will have told

9. ---  How long ___ like this?

   --- Three weeks! It's usual here that rain ___ without stopping these days of the year．

     A. has it rained; pours

     B. is it raining; is pouring

     C. has it been raining; pours

     D. does it rain; pours

10. We ______ for over 2 hours．Are you sure this is the right way?

     A. have been driving

     B. were driving

     C. had driven

     D. drove

3. 翻譯練習(xí)

①到下個(gè)月末，我們將會(huì)完成所有的工程。

②她很累，因?yàn)樗�一整天都在打字�?br />
③你去哪了？我們一直在找你。

④她肯定很累，因?yàn)樗�一整天都在跳舞�?br />
⑤電話一直響個(gè)不停。

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