高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：冠詞

2016-02-23 15:13:38中國(guó)教育在線

　　高考對(duì)冠詞的考查幾乎每年都有一道題，而且都設(shè)兩空，以增加覆蓋面和難度。考生在冠詞試題上失分較多，主要是缺乏語(yǔ)感，對(duì)一些知識(shí)點(diǎn)掌握不夠透徹。高考冠詞主要考查其基本用法，包括定冠詞與不定冠詞的區(qū)別用法、名詞前省略冠詞的場(chǎng)合、特指與泛指的區(qū)分以及習(xí)語(yǔ)中冠詞的用法等。

　　考點(diǎn)一、考查不定冠詞a / an表示個(gè)別或泛指的用法

　　1. How about taking_____short break? I want to make_____call.

　　A. the; a B. a; the C. the; theD. a; a

　　【解析】答案為D。take a short break“休息一會(huì)兒”， make a call“打一個(gè)電話(huà)”。

　　2. Christmas is_____special holiday when_____whole family are supposed to get together.

　　A. the; the B. a; a

　　C. the; a D. a; the

　　【解析】答案為D。a special holiday指“某一個(gè)特別的節(jié)日”;the whole family為特指。

　　考點(diǎn)二、考查定冠詞the特指某一個(gè)人或事物的用法

　　1. I looked under_____bed and found books I lost last week.

　　A. the; a B. the;the

　　C. 不填;the D. the; 不填

　　【解析】答案為B。此題中的the bed和the books都為特指。the bed 指“所看的床”;the books指“所丟的書(shū)”。

　　2. I like_____color of your skirt. It is good match for your blouse.

　　A. a; theB. a; aC. the; a D. the; the

　　【解析】答案為C。 the color指“你襯衫的顏色”;a good match泛指“和你的外套相配的一種好顏色”。

　　考點(diǎn)三、考查不定冠詞及零冠詞的習(xí)慣搭配

　　1. George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure

　　it was Sunday because everybody was at church.

　　A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a

　　【解析】答案為C。a Sunday泛指某一個(gè)星期天;at church為固定搭配，不用冠詞，意為“在做禮拜”。

　　2. Many people have come to realize that they should go on_____balanced diet and makeroom in their day for exercise.

　　A. a; / B. the; a C. the; the D. /; a

　　【解析】答案為A。a balanced diet泛指“一種平衡的飲食”;make room為固定搭配，意為“騰出空間”。

　　考點(diǎn)四、考查不定冠詞在具體化的抽象名詞前的用法

　　1. —How about_____Christmas evening party?

　　—I should say it was_____success.

　　A. a; a B. the; a

　　C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填

　　【解析】答案為B。the Christmas evening party為特指剛結(jié)束的圣誕晚會(huì);a success考查抽象名詞具體化時(shí)的不定冠詞用法。success原為抽象名詞，不可數(shù), 但在此處已經(jīng)完全具體化而變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞。題中a success意為“一次成功的晚會(huì)”。當(dāng)抽象名詞表示具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、情感、情緒的人和事時(shí)，這個(gè)抽象名詞已經(jīng)變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞，再如What a pleasant surprise you gave us! 意為“你真的給我們帶來(lái)了驚喜”。

　　【精選試題】名校模擬題及其答案

　　1(鹽城中學(xué)高一年級(jí)12月份階段考試，21)We’ll be traveling by ________ camel across the desert before we go to ________university.

　　A. /; the B. the; / C. /; / D. the; a

　　2(沈陽(yáng)二中2008—2009學(xué)年度上學(xué)期12月月考，8)Richard Powers’ The Echo Maker, ____ novel set in ___ small town of Kearney, Nebraska, US, has won the 57th US National Book Award for fiction.

　　A. the; the B. a; a; C. a; the D. /; the

　　3(遼寧省營(yíng)口市08-09學(xué)年普通高中高二上學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測(cè)，1)He is in ____ control of the company. I mean, the company is in ____ control of him.

　　A. the; / B. /; the C. the; the D. /; /

　　4(銀川市實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)2009屆高三年級(jí)第三次月考，33)Now that Tom hates_______ school, the school becomes_______ prison to him

　　A. a;a B. /;a C. a;/ D. /;/

　　5(寧夏銀川一中2009屆高三年級(jí)第三次月考，21)In _____ preparation for the launching of Shenzhou Ⅶ, scientists need ______ knowledge of weather changes.

　　A.the; the B.a; ∕ C.∕; a D.the; a

　　6(山東濟(jì)南高二英語(yǔ)08-09期末統(tǒng)考試題，33)Because of ______ high demand for Type AB blood, ______ supplies of it are usually limited.

　　A. the; the B. 不填; 不填 C. 不填; the D. a; the

　　7.The sign reads “In case of ____ fire, break the glass and push ____ red button. ”

　　A. 不填;a B. 不填;the C. the; the D. a; a

　　8.I earn 10 dollars ____ hour as ____ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.

　　A. a; an B. the; a C. an; a D. an; the

　　9.There’s ____ dictionary on ____ desk by your side.

　　A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the

　　10.—Where is my blue shirt?

　　— It’s in the washing machine. You have to wear ____ different one.

　　A. any B. the C. a D. other

　　11. If you have got temperature without coughing and headache，perhaps you have caught cold.Just stay in bed .Don’t think that you have got HINl.

　　A the;the;不填 B a;a;不填

　　C.a;the;the D a：a：the

　　12 As global warming continues to be major concern for the future of our planet，people are starting to turn to gmen living practices to help save it for future generations.

　　A. a：the B.a;不填 C不填;the D.the;the

　　13.Every second day he went to the library for some books to read. But after a page or two，he would put the book down and pick up new one

　　A.the：a B不填;齜 C th。;the D不填;a

　　14 The education of young has become hot and serious topic in the present society.

　　A the;不填

　　B.a;the C.不填;the D the;a

　　15 He has good knowledge of many foreign languages，and one of them is English which is language spoken by many people in the world.

　　A the：a B.a;the C.a;a D.the;the

　　16 Throughout history nan has had to accept fact that all living things must die.

　　A the：the B。;a C不填;the D不填;不填

　　17一Was problem solved?

　　一We were trying to think of way out，but it was impossible to find one.

　　A a：the B the;a C.the;不填D。;。

　　18.I am in charge of the class which was in charge of my wife.

　　A.不填：the B不填;不填 C the;不填D the;the

　　19 While music is just so-so， story in this TV play is quite moving

　　A the：the B不填;不填 C.the;a D不填;the

　　20.According to World Health Organization，health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent spread of AIDS

　　A the：the B.th。;不填 C.a;a D不填;the

　　21 Nowadays Intenet is becoming increasingly popular and new high speed broadband network has recently started.

　　A a;the B the;a C a;a D the;the

　　22.We made Xiao Ming monitor at the class meeting last Saturday，since ten students have been looking after the old man by turns，including monitor

　　A our;不填 B不填;the C.the;the D.a;our

　　23 It was reposed by the foreign media that the 29th Beijing Olympic Games was unique and successful event in Olympic history.

　　A a;不填 B.the;the C.不填;the D.a;the

　　24 As is known，it was Hu Jintao， presidem in our nation，who gave lecture at the opening ceremony of Beijing Olympics。

　　A the;a B the;不填 C;the D不填;a

　　25 Love is way of life，but not aim of it

　　A.the;the B.a;the C a;all D.the;an

　　26 Many people have come to realize that they should go on balanced diet and make room in heir day for exercise.

　　A.the;不填 B the;a C the;the D不填;a

　　27 1 wanted to catch early train，but couldn’t get ride to the station

　　A an;the B不填;the C an;不填D the;a

　　28 Gorge couldn’t remember when he first met Mr Anderson.but he was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church

　　A不填;the B the;不填 C;不填 D不填：a

　　29 Polar bears live mostly on sea ice，which they useas platform for hunting seals。

　　A.a;a B.a;the C不填;a D the;不填

　　30. waIk is expected to last all day，so bring packed lunch

　　A.A;a B.The;不填 C.The;a D.A;不填

　　——答案與解析——

　　1.C【解析】by +camel 表示乘坐交通工具，中間不用任何冠詞;go to university 上大學(xué) 固定搭配。

　　2 C【解析】一本小說(shuō)，可數(shù);特指某個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)，用定冠詞。

　　3 B【解析】in control of 人控制某事某物;in the control of 某事某物在人的控制下。

　　4 B【解析】學(xué)校專(zhuān)有名詞這個(gè)時(shí)候不加，泛指;像一座監(jiān)獄，可數(shù)名詞。

　　5 C【解析】in preparation for 固定搭配;a knowledge of 某一門(mén)知識(shí)，這個(gè)時(shí)候可數(shù)。

　　6 D【解析】a demand for 固定搭配一個(gè)…需求;專(zhuān)指前面AB血型的供給。

　　7 B【解析】fire 表示火，抽象不可數(shù)，那個(gè)紅色的按鈕特指。

　　8 C【解析】一個(gè)小時(shí)可數(shù)，而且讀音開(kāi)頭是元音，所以用an;作為一個(gè)超市收銀員也是泛指可數(shù).

　　9. A【解析】桌子上有一本詞典，不具體所指;你身邊的桌子特指。

　　10. C【解析】泛指另外一件T恤。

　　11 B。【解析】第一空和第二空是抽象名詞具體化。此時(shí)temperature表示發(fā)燒,cold表示感冒，應(yīng)加不定冠詞。第三空in bed是固定短語(yǔ)，意為躺在床上。

　　12 B。【解析】第一空用不定冠詞，表示人們關(guān)心的事情之一;第二窄空后而是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，前面不加冠詞。

　　13.D。【解析】.Every second day每隔一天，中間不加冠詞;第二空表示泛指，用不定冠詞a，所以答案選D。

　　14 D。【解析】第一空the young是定冠詞加形容詞可表示一類(lèi)人;第二空表示泛指一個(gè)，此處意為已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)熱門(mén)而義嚴(yán)肅的話(huà)題。

　　15 B。【解析】have a good knowledge of對(duì)……很了解;第二空表示特指，因?yàn)楹竺嬗卸ㄕZ(yǔ)修飾。

　　16 C。【解析】history為抽象名詞，其前不加冠詞;fact后帶有同位語(yǔ).應(yīng)表示特指，所以答案選C。

　　17 B。【解析】第一空指說(shuō)話(huà)雙方都知道的事情，所以用定冠詞;第二空的意思是想出一個(gè)好方法，way是可數(shù)名詞，所以應(yīng)該用不定冠詞，因此答案選B。

　　18 A.【解析】句意：我在管理由我妻子管理的班級(jí)。in charge of負(fù)責(zé)，管理，其主語(yǔ)通常是人，in the charge of由……負(fù)責(zé)或管理，其主語(yǔ)通常是物。故答案選A。

　　19 A。【解析】本題的兩個(gè)設(shè)空之處都指的是說(shuō)話(huà)雙方都明白的事情，應(yīng)該用定冠詞，所以答案選A。

　　20 A。【解析】世界衛(wèi)生組織前應(yīng)該用定冠詞;第二空特指疾病的傳播，也應(yīng)該用定冠詞。故答案為A。

　　21 B，【解析】Intenet為專(zhuān)有名詞，成用the來(lái)修飾;而一條新的高速寬帶網(wǎng)為泛指，用不定冠詞a來(lái)修飾。

　　22 B。【解析】動(dòng)詞make之后用作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的名詞monitor (班長(zhǎng))表示職位，故不加冠詞。第二空用定冠詞the,表特指(即上文提到的我們選出的班長(zhǎng))。

　　23 D。【解析】考查冠詞的特指與泛指用法。第一空表示某類(lèi)事物中的一個(gè)用不定冠詞，第二空特指奧林匹克歷史，用定冠詞。

　　24 D。【解析】表示職位的名詞president作同位語(yǔ)，其前不加冠詞;give a lecture為固定用法，意思是做演講。

　　25 B。【解析】第一個(gè)空為a way of life一種生活方式，表泛指;第二個(gè)空用the,特指生活的目的。故選B。

　　26 A。【解析】考查固定搭配中冠詞的用法。get ona diet節(jié)食，make room for抽出時(shí)間或空間，room是不可數(shù)名詞。

　　27 D。【解析】the early train早班車(chē)，為習(xí)慣說(shuō)法。后半句的意思是：但是卻沒(méi)有趕上去火車(chē)站的車(chē)。get a ride搭便車(chē)。

　　28 C。【解析】此處意為但是他確信那是一個(gè)星期天，因?yàn)榇蠹叶荚谧龆Y拜。be at chutch做禮拜。

　　29 C。【解析】ice是不可數(shù)名詞，表泛指時(shí)不需要用冠詞;platform是可數(shù)名詞，用a表示泛指。

　　30 C。【解析】第一空用the表示說(shuō)話(huà)雙方都知道的事情;第二空用a，表泛指。