An abstract noun refers to states, events, concepts, feelings, qualities, etc. that have no physical existence.

　　eg: Freedom; happiness; idea; music are all abstract nouns that have no physical existence.

　　An abstract noun can be either a countable noun or uncountable noun. Abstract nouns that refer to events are almost usually countable: a noise; a meeting.

　　For reference (http://www.arts.uottawa.ca/writcent/hypergrammar/nouns.html)

　　Concrete Nouns

　　A concrete noun is a noun which names anything (or anyone) that you can perceive through your physical senses: touch, sight, taste, hearing, or smell. A concrete noun is the opposite of a abstract noun.

　　Abstract Nouns

　　An abstract noun is a noun which names anything which you can not perceive through your five physical senses, and is the opposite of a concrete noun. The highlighted words in the following sentences are all abstract nouns:

　　Vocabulary learning

　　1.  Think about more abstract nouns you know. You may use a dictionary if necessary.

　　For reference           Abstract Nounsfriendshippeace

　　civilizationromancehumorhatelibertylovecharityhopefaithbraverycomforttalentmemorychildhoodimpressionsuccessfailurelawskillfeelingshumorhappinesssadnessloyaltyjoystrictnessbeliefpridehonestytruthcalmsympathysleepprinciplethrillwitsensitivitypower2. Read the words on the blackboard carefully and try to find the rules of forming abstract nouns from verbs and adjectives. You may notice that a suffix is used at the end of each word.NounsAdjectivessuffixactivityloyaltycrueltypopularityactiveloyalcruelpopular-tyillnesscarelessnessdarknesshappinesstirednessillcarelessdarkhappytired-nessNounsVerbsSuffixconfusionimpression

　　invasion revisionconfuseimpressinvaderevise-sionassociationattentionattraction

　　civilization

　　destinationdirectionexplanation

　　imaginationoperationpreparationproductionpromotionsuggestionassociateattendattractcivilizedestinedirectexplainimagineoperateprepareproducepromotesuggest-tionargument

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　　developmentjudgementrequirementtreatmentargueadvertisedevelopjudgerequiretreat-mentdependencedifferencedependdiffer-enceassistanceentranceassistenter-ance

　　failure pleasurefailplease-urecookingfeelingfencingfillingmailingopeningpackaging

　　programmingsmokingrunningwarningwrestlingwritingcookfeelfencefillmailopenpackprogramsmokerunwarnwrestlewrite-ing3. Read the instructions on page 46. Compare the words on the blackboard with the words in the tables. Pay attention to the usage of abstract nouns. Most abstract nouns are uncountable. Only a few of them are countable, e.g., a hope, an idea, and a situation.

　　4. Do exercise on page 46 individually.Answers(1) development   (2) popularity       (3) failure        (4) connection

　　(5) improvement   (6) presentation     (7) achievement   (8) admiration

　　Vocabulary extension

　　1. Look at the pictures of different parts of a computer. Please identify words about computers and understand the functions of different parts of a computer.

　　2. Read carefully the picture on page 47 and name the different parts of the computer on the blackboard. Describe the functions of each part of a computer.PartFunction

　　floppy disc

　　a flat piece of plastic for storing information