英語最基礎(chǔ)的語法知識 2019高考英語必考重點語法知識總結(jié)
2019-04-16 17:01:06網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源文章作者：高考網(wǎng)整理
英語最基礎(chǔ)的語法知識 2019高考英語必考重點語法知識總結(jié)
在高中英語學(xué)習(xí)中有很多重要的基礎(chǔ)語法知識需要我們掌握，下面小編為大家整理一些2019高考英語必考重點語法知識，供參考!
高中基礎(chǔ)語法知識總結(jié)
一.表語從句
1. 定義：用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。
2. 構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句
3. 引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的種類：
(1) 從屬連詞that。如：
The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。
(2) 從屬連詞whether, as, as if。如：
He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起來還與十年前一樣。
The question is whether they will be able to help us. 問題是他們是否能幫我們。
注：從屬連詞if一般不用來引導(dǎo)表語從句，但as if卻可引導(dǎo)表語從句，如：
All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday.
這都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一樣。
能跟表語從句的謂語動詞一般為系動詞be, seem, look等。如：
It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起來天要下雨了。
(3)連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
連接副詞 where, when, how, why。
如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。
The question is how he did it. 問題是他是如何做此事的。
That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。
解釋：
1. 連詞because可引導(dǎo)表語從句。如：
I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想這是因為你做得太多。
2. 在一些表示“建議、勸說、命令”的名詞后面的表語從句中，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。should+動詞原形表示，should可省略。如：
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。
二.主語從句
1. 定義：用作主語的從句叫做主語從句。
2. 構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句
3. 引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：
(1) 從屬連詞that。 如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.
很明顯，她們確是親姐妹，她們的臉型很相似。
(2) 從屬連詞whether。如：
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否會來這里還不清楚。
(3) 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如：
What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。
How this happened is not clear to anyone. 這事怎樣發(fā)生的，誰也不清楚。
Whoever comes is welcome. 不論誰來都?xì)g迎。
Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。
解釋：
1. 主語從句能用it作形式上的主語。常以it作形式主語的句型有：
A. It+be+形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that從句。如：
It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫無疑問她考試成績會很好。
It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告訴她了。
B. It+be+名詞詞組(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that從句。如：
It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遺憾我們不能去。
It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我們沒贏這場比賽真意外。
C. It+be+過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that從句。如：
It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
據(jù)報道中國又成功地發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。
D. It+seem, happen等不及物動詞及短語+that從句。如：
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不來參加晚會。
It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。
E. It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。如：
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否來這無關(guān)緊要。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我們在哪里開會毫無區(qū)別。
F. 當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如：
Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科學(xué)家將給我們作報告是真的嗎?
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他們明天不來很要緊嗎?
G. 當(dāng)主語從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如：
How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子們這么安靜真奇怪!
2.注意連接代詞whoever, whatever, whichever等引導(dǎo)主語從句的含義
Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 來的人將受到歡迎。
Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正確的。
Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who) 你們當(dāng)中不論哪個進(jìn)來將會得到獎
三.賓語從句
1. 定義：用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。
2. 構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句
3. 引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：
(1) 從屬連詞that。如：
He told us that he felt ill. 他對我們說他感到不舒服。
I know he has returned. 我知道他已經(jīng)回來了。
注： that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時也并不是任何情況下都可以省略。在以下情況下，that不能省略。
1. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and連接兩個賓語從句，that賓語從句放在and的后面時，that不能省略。)
大家都會看出所發(fā)生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。
2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞賓語時，that不能省略。)
對他我一無所知，只知道他是南方人。
以上就是我對于高中英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中一些初級英語語法的總結(jié)，希望大家能夠?qū)σ陨蟽?nèi)容進(jìn)行理解，在理解后能夠熟練地進(jìn)行造句練習(xí)，只有不斷地練習(xí)使用，我們才能夠?qū)σ陨系膬?nèi)容進(jìn)行掌握，在需要用到這些語法時才能脫口而出。
2019高考必考的英語重要知識點
1. be fond of “喜愛，愛好” 接名詞、代詞或動詞的-ing形式。
He’s fond of swimming. 他喜歡游泳。
Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜歡新鮮蔬菜嗎?
He is fond of his research work. 他喜愛他的研究工作。
2. hunt for = look for 尋找
I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的書。
hunt for a job 找工作
3. in order to/so as to：這兩個詞組都可引導(dǎo)不定式作目的狀語, in order to可放于句首, so as to則不能, 其否定形式為in order not to / so as not to.
He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting.
In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.為了讓我們注意他, 他朝我們又是叫喊又是揮手。
4. care about
1) 喜歡，對……有興趣 = care for
She doesn’t care about money.她不喜歡錢。
2)關(guān)心 = care for
She thinks only of herself. She doesn’t care about other people.她只考慮自己。她不關(guān)心別人。
3)在乎，在意(接從句或不接任何成分)
These young people care nothing about what old people might say.
這些年輕人根本不在乎老人說的話。
5. such as 意為“諸如……”，“像……”，是用來列舉人或事物的。
She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三門科目,像物理、化學(xué)。
6. drop a line 留下便條, 寫封短信
7. make yourself at home 別客氣;隨便;無拘束
If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home.如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝點飲料，隨便一點。
8. stay up 不睡;熬夜
(1) I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.
我將回家很晚，不要等我了。
(2) He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.
他熬夜看書直到凌晨兩點。
9. come about 引起;發(fā)生;產(chǎn)生
(1)How did the accident come about?
這場事故是怎么發(fā)生的?
(2) They didn't know how the change had come about.
他們不知道這個變化是怎樣產(chǎn)生的。
10. except for 除……之外
(1) except 與 except for 的用法常有區(qū)別。except 多用于引起同類事物中被排除的一項。如：
①He answered all the questions except the last one.
除去最后一個，他回答了所有問題。
②We go there every day except Sunday.
除了星期天，我們天天去那里。
(2)except for 用于引述細(xì)節(jié)以修正句子的主要意思。如：
①Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.
除去一個老太太，這輛公共汽車全空了。
②Your picture is good except for the colours.
你的畫兒很好，只是某些色彩有問題。
(3)但在現(xiàn)代英語中，except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一個例子可以是：
He answered all the questions except for the last one.
(4) 另外，在介詞短語之前只能用except，不能用except for。
We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.
除了夏季，我們通常十點之前上床睡覺。
11. end up with 以……告終;以……結(jié)束
The party ended up with an English song.聚會以一首英文歌結(jié)束。
12. more or less 幾乎;差不多;大約;大概;大體上
(1) I've more or less succeeded, but they haven't.
我差不多成功了，而他們沒有。
(2) Our living condition has more or less improved.
我們的生活水平或多或少提高了。
13. bring in 引進(jìn);引來;吸收
(1) We should bring in new technology.
我們應(yīng)該引進(jìn)新技術(shù)。
(2) He brings in 800 dollars a month.
他一個月掙八百美元。
14. get away(from) 逃離
(1)The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.
小偷帶著我們所有的錢從商店逃跑了。
(2)I caught a really big fish but it got away.
我釣到了一條好大的魚，可是它逃掉了。
15. watch out (for)注意;留心
(1)Watch out! There is a car coming.
小心!汽車來了。
(2)Watch out for the hole in the road.
留神路上的那個坑。
16. see sb. off 給某人送行
Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station.
明天我到火車站給朋友送行。
17. on the other hand 另一方面(用以引出相互矛盾的觀點、意見等，常說on the one hand …… on the other hand一方面……另一方面)
I know this job of mine isn't well paid, but on the other hand I don't have to work long hours.
我知道這份工作報酬不高，但從另一方面來說，我也不必工作太長時間。
18. as well as 和，還
He is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.
她不但是攝影師還是個天才的音樂家。
19. take place 發(fā)生
take one’s place 入座、站好位置、取得地位
take sb’s place 或take the place of 代替、取代
20. on fire 相當(dāng)于burning, 意為“燃燒;著火;起火”，有靜態(tài)的含意。catch fire有動態(tài)的含意。
set…on fire/set fire to…用來表示“使……著火”、“放火燒……”。
Look, the theatre is on fire! Let’s go and help.瞧，劇院著火了，咱們?nèi)兔然鸢伞?/p>
