限定性與非限定性定語從句

　　一.兩者的區別: 見下表

　　形式

　　作用

　　譯法

　　限定性定語從句

　　無逗號與主句分開

　　修飾限定作用, 即不可缺少的定語

　　其譯文常位于先行詞之前, 并體現“的”

　　非限定性定語從句

　　有逗號與主句分開

　　附加、補充說明的作用, 若缺少它, 句意仍然完整

　　常將其譯成一個和主句并列的分句

　　二.關系詞的用法: 非限定性定語從句不能用that引導, 并且關系詞在任何情況下都不能省略, 除此之外, 在關系詞的使用上, 非限定性定語從句與限定性定語從句完全相同

　　三.示例:

　　a. My book, which is very old, is on the table.

　　b. President Kennedy, who had heard of King before, was interested to meet him.

　　c. His father, who is working in Beijing, is an engineer.

　　d. The house, where he was born, has been destroyed in the earthquake.

　　e. Mr. Smith, with whom you just talked, is our English teacher.

　　f. The gentleman, with whose daughter I worked, looked down upon woman.

　　四.應注意的問題:

　　1.as / which都可以引導一個非限定性定語從句, as / which是關系代詞, 指代主句中所提到的某種情況, 它們的不同點是:

　　①.as引導的這種定語從句位置比較靈活, 可位于句首, 句中, 句尾; 但which引導的這種定語從句只能位于主句之后

　　②. as還帶有“正如, 正象”之意, 而which不含此意

　　a. The earth is like a ball, as everyone knows.

　　b. As everyone knows, the earth is like a ball.

　　c. They said they were French, which wasn’t true.

　　常見問題

　　一.定語從句還原法: 試題中有很多有關定語從句的, 這類題往往需選擇引導詞部分. 做好這類題的關鍵首先是要有這樣的觀念: 定語從句應有完整而合理的句子成分. 基于這一點, 我們可以用“還原法”來檢驗定語從句是否正確, 即把定語從句還原成為一個簡單句. 具體做法是:

　　①.第一步: 替換. 將關系代詞直接替換成先行詞, 如果是關系副詞, 先替換成介詞+關系代詞, 再將關系代詞替換成先行詞

　　②.第二步: 調整, 即調整語序, 看能否構成一個合理的簡單句

　　例如, 還原以下例句a中的定語從句的過程是: 先將that / which替換成先行詞the park, 再調整語序, 就能得到一個合理的簡單句: We visited the park last year. 再如, 還原以下例句b中的定語從句的過程是: 先將where替換成in which, 再將which替換成先行詞the park, 再調整語序, 就得到一個合理的簡單句: We once played for a whole day in the park.

　　a. Do you remember the park that / which we visited last year?

　　b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day?

　　c. Do you still remember the days that / which we spent together ?

　　d. Do you still remember the days when we were together?

　　二.分隔定語從句: 定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后, 但有時也被分隔開來, 在閱讀時要注意根據定語從句所表達的意思來分辨先行詞是什么

　　a. I was the only person in the office who was invited.

　　b. He was the only one of the students who passed the GRE.

　　①.as引導的這種定語從句位置比較靈活, 可位于句首, 句中, 句尾; 但which引導的這種定語從句只能位于主句之后

　　②. as還帶有“正如, 正象”之意, 而which不含此意

　　a. The earth is like a ball, as everyone knows.

　　b. As everyone knows, the earth is like a ball.

　　c. They said they were French, which wasn’t true.