介詞的用法

表示時間的介詞

in

指在較長的一段時間內(nèi)，后接大于一天的時間單位名詞。

eg: in August/ in 2015/ in winter/ in the 21^st century/ in his life

后接時間段，如果用于將來時，譯為“…之后”。如果用于一般過去時，譯為“在…之內(nèi)”。

eg:I will be back in 3 hours.  他3小時以后回來。

  He came back in 3 hours. 他在3小時以內(nèi)就回來了。

 泛指在上午，下午或晚上。

eg: She seldom reads in the evening.

   I usually go to the market to buy vegetables in the morning.

at

后接時間點，即在…點鐘，時刻

eg: at six o’clock/ at noon/ at that time/ at the beginning of…

on

表示在具體的某一天。

eg: on my birthday/ on the following day/ on that day

表示在具體某一天的上下午或晚上。

eg: on Sunday morning/ on the night of August 10/ on a sunny afternoon

during

表示在某段時間內(nèi)，某一動作自始至終地進行。

eg: During the meal we talked about the TV play.

   The shop was closed during the whole three months.

for

后接時間段，表示動作持續(xù)的時間。

表示延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)多長時間。

eg: They have lived in China for two years.

表示過去的某個動作持續(xù)過多久。

eg: They lived in China for two years.

表示某一動作將要持續(xù)多久。

eg: They will stay in China for two years.

since

譯為自從，后接過去的時間點，表示某一動作自過去某時延續(xù)至今，做現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。

eg: I haven’t written home since Christmas.

after

after后接時間段，用于過去時。eg: They got married after a year.

after后接時間點，用于將來時。eg:He will arrive after 3 o’clock.

by

“不遲于某時”，包括某時在內(nèi)。

eg: I will finish the work by Friday. (包括星期五)

before

“在某時之前”，不包括某時在內(nèi)。

eg:I will finish the work before Friday. (不包括星期五)

表示地點的介詞

on

指在某物的表面上，與物體表面接觸，反義詞為beneath。

eg: A lovely cat is lying on the table.

   The ground beneath their feet is soft.

in

在…之上，暗示占去了某物的一部分。

eg: There is a hole in the wall.

   He is lying in bed.

   There is a bird in the tree.

above

指在物體的斜上方，反義詞為below.

eg: The plane flew above the clouds.

   The moon sank below the hills.

over

指在物體的垂直正上方，也有覆蓋，越過之意。反義詞為under.

eg: I saw a stone bridge over the river.

   The thief climbed over the wall and ran away.

   He is hiding under the bed.

方位介詞

between

表示在兩者之間。

eg: Let’s start out between 7 a.m. and 8 a.m.

  The little girl was sitting between her parents.

among

表示在三者或更多者之間。

eg: He was happy to be among the friends again.

   There was a village among the hills.

through

表示從內(nèi)部穿過，即空間穿過。

eg: We walked through the forest.

across

表示從表面上通過，即平面穿過。

eg: He swam through the river.

past

表示從旁邊經(jīng)過。

eg: They drove past a big supermarket.

over

表示從上方跨過。

eg: The plane flew over the Great Wall.

表示“除了…外”

except

表示“除…之外（其他的都）”，其后的賓語是被排除在外的。

eg: All the students took part in the sports meeting except Tom.

besides

表示“除…之外（其他的也）”，其后的賓語是被包括在內(nèi)的。

eg:We need three more chairs besides these two.

but

指“除了…之外，什么也沒有”，but 后的詞是僅有或存在的內(nèi)容，通常與nothing, nobody, no等否詞連用。

eg: There is nothing but a desk in the room.

except for

指除去整體中不好的部分。

eg: All the buildings are excellent except for their location.

表示工具，手段，材料

with

多指使用具體的工具或是身體部位。

eg: I cut the cake with a knife.

   We see with our eyes.

in

使用某種語言，或使用某種墨水。

eg: Can you sing it in Japanese?

   Don’t write these numbers in pencil. Write them in black ink.

表示“關于”的介詞

about

表示“有關，關于”，指內(nèi)容較普通，通常涉及日常生產(chǎn)及生活等方面。eg: Tell him something about your trip.

on

表示“關于”，指嚴肅的，有研究性的，理論，專著等問題。

eg: This is a book on radio.