Step 3 Discovering useful structures

　　過去分詞作狀語

　　1. 觀察探究

　　(1)作原因狀語,多放在主句之前,相當于because, since, as引導的從句.

　　Tired from the day's hard work, he fell asleep soon.=(Because he was tired from the day's hard work, he...)

　　(2)作時間狀語,相當于when引導的時間狀語,有時在分詞前直接加when, while, until等詞可使其表達的時間意義更明確.如:

　　When heated, water can be changed into steam. Seen from the hill, the town looks beautiful.

　　(3)作條件狀語,相當于if, unless引導的從句.

　　Given another chance, he can do it better.=(If he is given another chance,...)

　　(4)作讓步狀語.

　　Much tired, he still kept on working. (=Though he was much tired, he...)

　　(5)作方式或伴隨狀語.

　　Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. The teacher stood there, surrounded by many students.

　　2. 用法歸納

　　過去分詞作狀語，與主句主語之間是        關系，相當于一個狀語從句,可表        、

　　、         、           、                。注意:(1).過去分詞作狀語,有時前面帶有連詞,是狀語從句的省略形式,省去主語和be,通常主語與主句的主語相同.

　　when (it is)heated, water will boil.

　　（翻譯）____________________________________________

　　She won't go to the party, unless (she is)invited.

　　（翻譯）____________________________________________

　　(2).過去分詞與句子的主語在邏輯上是動賓關系，而現在分詞與其邏輯主語則是主謂關系.

　　Seeing in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose. (改錯)

　　(3)過去分詞作定語不僅表示被動,還表示已經完成,但過分作狀語,動作不一定是已經完成的動作,有可能是同時進行的,也有可能是未來的.(尤其在時間,條件狀語從句中).

　　Once to be begun, the project will not changed. (改錯)

　　If to be given more money, I will solve the problem soon. (改錯)

　　(4)過去分詞作狀語,相當于對應狀語從句,不可再用but, so, and, or否則重復.

　　Laughed at by everyone, but he had my sympathy. (改錯)

　　Known to all, so he was recognized very easily. (改錯)

　　(5)過去分詞的邏輯主語要與句子的主語保持一致,否則用從句或獨立結構.

　　No matter how well translated, we don't like it. (改錯)

　　達標測試

　　I. 根據要求，完成句子。

　　1. The experts studied the problem

　　（從環境保護的角度）

　　2.我舍不得把這么多錢花在穿衣服上。（用hesitate 翻譯該句子)

　　_______________________________________________________________

　　3. I have                                    French, but I do not know it well. 我懂一點法語，但不精通。

　　4. Lack of skills condemned him to a poor life.(英譯漢)

　　5. Liu Hulan would rather die than         her own motherland. （用betray的恰當形式）

　　II. 單項選擇

　　1. I have been suffering from a       cough since yesterday.

　　A. trouble       B. troubled       C. troubling        D. troublesome

　　2. ----I saw Lily in the street this morning.

　　----You must have mistaken Lucy, Lily's twin sister        Lily.

　　A. about        B. as             C. for            D. with

　　3. This model is technically superior       it's competitors, though it looks         .

　　A. than; more attractive             B. to; less attractive

　　C. than; as attractive                D. to; more attractive

　　4. We are not prepared to compromise        safety standards.

　　A. with         B. between        C. on            D. in

　　5. Though she        for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.

　　A. dared        B. nerved          C. wondered     D. hesitated

　　6.          achievement, he should get a higher position in his company.

　　A. In terms of    B. In case of       C . As a result of   D. In face of

　　7. Though she often seems quite cold and harsh, her smiling eyes         her true nature.

　　A. express      B. impress         C. betray           D. believe

　　8. The millionaire passed away, leaving his children with a large        .

　　A. fortune      B. luck            C. money           D. amount

　　9. The September 11 attack has been         by the entire international community.

　　A. condemned   B. scolded         C. criticized         D. blamed

　　10.         with so many trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.

　　A. Faced        B. Face           C. Facing           D. To face

　　11. The party       well and was a success.

　　A. passed off     B. passed out      C. passed on         D. passed by

　　12. The graduates can choose their jobs        .

　　A. on their own terms               B. by their own terms

　　C. in their own terms                D. to their own terms

　　13. And there, almost _____ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.

　　A. having lost         B. losing           C. to be lost           D. lost

　　14.-Will you go to attend her party?

　　-No, _______.

　　A unless invited to go.                    B. even if invited

　　C. if not invited                         D. even though invited to

　　15.All the preparations for the project ______, we're ready to start.

　　A. been completed                       B. have been completed

　　C. had been completed    D. completed

　　16.Such _______ the case, I couldn't help but______ him.

　　A. is, to support                         B. was, support

　　C. has been, supporting     D. being, support