動(dòng)名詞可以跟動(dòng)詞一樣，擁有自己的賓語或者狀語，也可以像名詞那樣，在句子中作主語、賓語等成分。動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成方式：v.+ -ing。

　　一、動(dòng)名詞的句法功能

　　動(dòng)名詞在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語和同位語。

　　1.作主語

　　用來表示一般性或經(jīng)常性的意義，有時(shí)可與不定式互換。如：

　　Swimming with dolphins is one of the world‘s most profitable tourist activities.

　　注意：?jiǎn)蝹�(gè)的動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　例1 （2011年高考新課標(biāo)卷）Planning so far ahead no sense-so many things will have changed by next year.

　　A. made B. is making

　　C. makes D. has made

　　解析：答案為C。動(dòng)名詞（planning so far ahead）在句中作主語。句意為：計(jì)劃這么超前沒有意義，到明年好多情況會(huì)發(fā)生變化的。破折號(hào)前說的是現(xiàn)在的客觀情況，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此正確答案為C。

　　動(dòng)名詞短語作主語時(shí)，為了避免句子頭重腳輕，保持句子平衡，習(xí)慣將動(dòng)名詞短語放在句尾，而用it作形式主語。這樣，句子結(jié)構(gòu)一目了然，便于讀者理解。如：

　　It’s no good spending too much time chatting or playing online games.

　　用于這種形式的表語常是一些特定的形容詞或名詞，如useful，good，nice，no use，no good，fun等。

　　2.作賓語

　　動(dòng)名詞既可作動(dòng)詞的賓語，也可作介詞的賓語。如：

　　He loved experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father.

　　The manager said he was looking forward to seeing all the newly-made plans carried out in time.

　　注意：句中若出現(xiàn)賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語后置。這樣既保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，又便于讀者理解。如：

　　We all consider it no use standing by and doing nothing.

　　例2 （2012年高考北京卷）One learns a language by making mistakes and 　them.

　　A. corrects B. correct

　　C. to correct D. correcting

　　解析：答案為D�？崭裉幦钡氖且粋�(gè)與making mistakes并列的均作介詞by的賓語的動(dòng)名詞。句意為：一個(gè)人就是通過不斷地犯錯(cuò)并改正來學(xué)會(huì)一門語言。

　　例 3 （2012年高考上海卷） When Peter speaks in public，he always has trouble the right things to say.

　　A. thinking of B. to think of

　　C. thought of D. think of

　　解析：答案為A�？疾楣潭ù钆洌篽ave trouble（in）　doing sth.意為“做……很費(fèi)勁；做……有困難”。動(dòng)名詞作介詞in的賓語，in可以省略。

　　例4 （2011年高考四川卷）Lydia doesn‘t feel like _______ abroad. Her parents are old.

　　A. study B. studying

　　C. studied D. to study

　　解析：答案為B。句意為：莉迪婭不想去國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)，她的父母年紀(jì)都大了。feel like后跟名詞或者動(dòng)名詞作賓語，意為“想做某事”，因此正確答案為B。

　　3.作表語

　　多表示抽象性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，通常說明主語的內(nèi)容，與主語是對(duì)等的關(guān)系。如：

　　My hobby is painting.

　　The first step in making friends is associating with other people.

　　4.作定語

　　表示所修飾名詞的用途。這時(shí)，可以改寫成由for作定語的短語。如：

　　Last week I bought a new swimming suit（=suit for swimming）.

　　The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform（=platform for learning）.

　　5.作同位語

　　對(duì)前面的抽象名詞進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的解釋或者補(bǔ)充說明。如：

　　His dream，going abroad to further his studies after graduation，has finally come true.

　　二、動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

　　1.構(gòu)成

　�。�1）物主代詞+動(dòng)名詞

　　Do you mind my hanging out with Tom？

　�。�2）人稱代詞+動(dòng)名詞

　　They don’t like me sitting in front of the computer all day long.

　�。�3）名詞所有格+動(dòng)名詞

　　Jack‘s not attending the meeting on time made us worried.

　　（4）名詞普通格+動(dòng)名詞

　　I can hardly imagine Stella carrying out the project all by herself.

　　含名詞所有格的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語時(shí)，可以用普通格來代替，但是該復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，則不可以用普通格代替。

　　2.形式

　�。�1）否定式：將not放在v.-ing前面。

　　Alice’s not passing the exam made her parents very angry.

　　動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)部分可以改寫成相關(guān)的從句。此句可以改寫成：That Alice‘s didn’t pass the exam made her parents very angry.

　　注意：動(dòng)名詞與其邏輯主語之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用被動(dòng)式；動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，用完成式。

　　（2）被動(dòng)式：being+v.-ed。

　　She didn‘t mind her notebooks being taken away and used by other fellow students.

　　例 5 （2012年高考福建卷）China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from in the South China Sea.

　　A. attacking B. having attacked

　　C. being attacked D. having been attacked

　　解析：答案為C。prevent sb. from doing sth.意為“阻止某人做某事”。句意為：中國(guó)最近加緊對(duì)黃巖島的水域控制來阻止中國(guó)漁船在中國(guó)南海被襲擊。本句中的fishing boats和attack是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此正確答案為C。

　�。�3）完成式：having+v.-ed。

　　I know something about his having gone to Atlanta.

　　3.句法功能

　　動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中主要作主語和賓語。如：

　　（1）作主語

　　Tom’s　coming home late worries his mother.

　�。�2）作動(dòng)詞賓語

　　I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.

　　（3）作介詞賓語

　　I was afraid of the tent falling down during the night.

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