介詞賓語通常是用名詞,代詞,動名詞,名詞性從句等詞類或結構表示的。但是,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語,動詞不定式等詞類或結構在一定的情況下也可充當介詞賓語。

　　A.不定式作介詞賓語。可接不定式作賓語的介詞有 about、besides、but、except、save、instead of等。

　　例如:

　　As I was about to say,you interrupted me.

　　我正要說的時候,你插嘴了。

　　Autumn harvest was about to start.

　　快要秋收了。

　　I hardly remember what I did besides read.

　　除了閱讀我幾乎記不起我還做了些什么。

　　Dela could do nothing but flop down on the shabby little couch and?weep.

　　德拉只得倒在破舊的小睡椅上哭泣。

　　It's so difficult for me. There will be nothing for it but to ask for help.

　　這事太難,我只好請人幫忙。

　　He did nothing all day except practise reading English aloud.

　　他整天都在練習朗讀英語。

　　It had no effect except to make him angry.

　　這沒產生什么效果,只是使他生氣而已。

　　What had she done for her father save leave him at the first oppertunity?

　　陳了一有機會就離開她的父親,她還能為她父親做點什么呢?

　　He proposed to do some work instead of to watch television.

　　提議做些事情而不要去看電視。

　　介詞 but、except、besides、save后的不定式,何時要帶to,何時不帶 to,主要從三個方面去辨別。

　　(1)當這些介詞前面的句中出現了用作謂語的實義動詞 do時,其后的不定式就不帶 to;

　　(2)當這些介詞前面的非謂語部分有不定式to do時,其后的不定式符號to可用可不用;

　　(3)當這些介詞前面(即謂語動詞或非謂語動詞部分)無動詞 do時,其后要接帶 to的動詞不定式。

　　請再比較以下幾例:

　　What could he do but take back what he had said?

　　他除了收回他說的話外,還有別的什么辦法?

　　She has no work to do but(to)be a nurse.

　　她沒有別的工作可做,只好當保姆。

　　They had no way out but to wait for the worst to come.

　　他們沒有別的出路,只好等待著最壞的情況到來。

　　“疑問詞+不定式”構成的不定式短語,可用作任何介詞的賓語。

　　例如:

　　Everyone had his own idea of how to do it.

　　任何人對如何做這件事都有不同的看法。

　　He gave a lesson on how to improve soil.

　　他講了一堂如何改良土壤的課。

　　I have no idea about what to do next.

　　我不知道下一步怎么辦。

　　B形容詞作介詞賓語。可用形容詞作賓語的介詞有but、from、instead、of、near等。

　　例如:

　　My work is far from good(satisfactory/complete.)

　　我的工作離好(滿意/完成)還差得很遠。

　　It is anything but bad.

　　這不是什么壞事。

　　Things went from bad to worse until Dickens' father was imprisoned for debt.

　　情況越來越壞,直到狄更斯的父親因負債而被關進監牢.

　　Is your answer anywhere near correct?

　　你的回答近乎正確嗎?

　　Although spring has come，it is still quite cold instead of warm.

　　盡管春天已到,但天氣仍然并不暖和,而是很冷。

　　形容詞作介詞賓語還見于一些固定的習語中,這類習語常見的有at large，for the better，in short，in vain，like mad，on high等。

　　例如:

　　We had to drive like mad to get there on time.

　　我們只得盡快開車,以便能按時到達那里。

　　The policemen know who the culprit is，but they have not located him. He is still at large.

　　警察知道罪犯是誰,但還沒有查到他在何處,他仍逍遙法外。

　　He said，in short，that more research is needed before a definite decision can be reached.

　　總而言之,他說,在能夠做出明確的決定以前,還需作更多的研究。

　　C副詞作賓語。可用副詞作賓語的介詞有 except，from，instead of，till等。

　　例如:

　　Where are you from?

　　你從何處來?

　　He has been studying hard except recently.

　　他一直學習很刻苦,只是最近才不這樣.

　　His father is from abroad.

　　他父親從國外來.

　　They received us coldly instead of warmly.

　　他們對我們很冷淡,并不熱情.

　　We didn't finish our talk until late in the evening.

　　我們直到深夜才結束談話。

　　在from now(then),till now(then),for long，by far 等習語中,都是副詞做介詞賓語。

　　例如:

　　He will not remain for long.

　　他不會呆得太久。

　　That will do for now. We will have a rest，and finish the job later.

　　暫時干這些就夠了。我們休息一下,等會兒再完成這項工作。

　　All property formerly belonging to the reactionaries is from

　　now on the property of the people.

　　以前屬于反動派的一切財產,從今以后都是人民的了。

　　D介詞短語作介詞賓語。 可用介詞短語作賓語的介詞有Across，except，from，instead of，since，to，till等。

　　例如:

　　He usually goes to school on his bike except on rainy days.

　　除了雨天,他通常都是騎自行車上學.

　　I'll flog him to within an inch of his life.

　　我要把他打個死去活來。

　　It was not until after the First World War that votes for

　　women came.

　　直到第一次世界大戰之后婦女才有選舉權。

　　The cat appeared from under the table.

　　貓從桌子下面出來了。

　　E.whether，that作賓語。由連接代詞(如what，which，who等)或連接副詞(如how，where，why等)引導的名詞性從句作介詞賓語是一種比較普遍的現象。

　　在實際應用中,由純連詞whether 或that引導的從句也可用作介詞賓語,其中that引導的從句只能用在except，but，in，save等少數幾個介詞之后。

　　例如:

　　The debate was over whether they should，in spite of the heavy snowfall，start on a journey on foot，as had been planned，or they should post pone it.

　　他們所爭論的問題是:不顧眼下的大雪按原定計劃出發去徒步旅行呢,還是推遲進行。

　　He hesitated(as to)whether he would go to see her.

　　他拿不定主意是否要去見她。

　　The molecules of ice and vapour are exactly the same，except that they move at different speeds.

　　冰與水蒸汽的分子完全一樣,只是它們運動的速度不同。

　　關于“介詞+that 從句”結構,有的語法家將其視為介詞短語,其中的that 從句用作介詞的賓語;有的語法家則認為“介詞+'that”應看作復合從屬連詞。我們認為,這兩種理解都有一定的道理,只不過前者主要是從語法形式上來看,而后者則是從語法意義上來看的。請分別從形式和意義上去理解以下幾句:

　　Although the dividends are the same，this is the better investment in that it is a safe stock.

　　雖然紅利相同,但是這筆投資要好些,因為它的股票更為保險。

　　All goes well with me on the whole，save that I have no appetite.

　　總的說來,我一切都感到不錯,只是沒有胃口。

　　This second atom has exactly the same properties as the first，except that it is twice as heavy.

　　第二個原子具有和第一個原子完全相同的性質,只是比第一個原子重一倍。

　　I should have come here earlier but that I was busy.

　　要是我不忙的話,我會來得早些。
 

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