01

　　名詞

　　考試中，大家常把握不好名詞的數(shù)、所有格以及一些集合名詞的用法。

　　1. He gave me a very good advice yesterday.

　　句中的a要去掉，因?yàn)閍dvice是不可數(shù)名詞。一些漢語(yǔ)概念為可數(shù)的詞在英語(yǔ)中卻是不可數(shù)的，表示數(shù)量時(shí)在其前加a piece of，類似的詞有：news, bread, work, paper, chalk, furniture, information等等。

　　2. That girl loves reading book.

　　可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)不能孤零零地放在句子里，或前面加冠詞，或?qū)⑵渥優(yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。此處最好變?yōu)閎ooks。

　　3. He went into a book’s shop and bought a dictionary.

　　一般表示有生命的東西的名詞的所有格用’s，如my mother’s car, 而此處適宜用名詞修飾名詞，改為a book shop。

　　4. My family is watching TV.

　　一些集合名詞如看成一個(gè)整體，則用單數(shù)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如My family is a happy one; 如強(qiáng)調(diào)集合中每個(gè)個(gè)體的個(gè)人行為，則用復(fù)數(shù)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處看電視是個(gè)體行為，應(yīng)把is改為are。類似的詞有：team, class, audience等。

　　5. I bought some potatos and tomatos at the supermarket.

　　中學(xué)階段以“o”結(jié)尾的名詞中有四個(gè)詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)要加es，它們是tomato, potato, Negro, hero; 其余的都加s變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。

　　6. This has nothing to do with their believes.（這和他們的信仰沒關(guān)系。）

　　以f, fe 結(jié)尾的詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)一般去f, fe 加ves，如knife—knives, thief—thieves; 而roof 和belief直接加s變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。所以應(yīng)把believes改為beliefs。

　　02

　　冠詞

　　7. The boss wants to hire an useful person.

　　用a還是an，取決于后面單詞的第一個(gè)音標(biāo)，如為元音用an，為輔音用a。useful的第一個(gè)音是輔音 ，所以應(yīng)把a(bǔ)n改為a。類似的，我們說(shuō)a European country。

　　8. Plane is a machine that can fly.

　　Plane為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，不能單獨(dú)放在句中，應(yīng)在其前加冠詞或把它變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，而本句后有a machine, 因此只能在其前面加a，變?yōu)锳 plane。

　　9. He played a piano at the party yesterday.

　　把a(bǔ) 改為the ，因?yàn)闃菲髑坝枚ü谠~。

　　10. The machine was invented in 1920s.

　　在in后加the，因?yàn)楸硎灸甏�用in加the再加幾十的復(fù)數(shù)，如在八十年代in the 80s。

　　11. Xiao Hong went to school by the bus every day.

　　去掉the，因?yàn)楸硎窘煌ǚ绞接胋y直接加交通工具。

　　03

　　代詞

　　使用代詞時(shí)請(qǐng)注意其單、復(fù)數(shù)，主、賓格以及形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的用法。

　　12. He is one of those speakers who make his ideas perfectly clear.

　　定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是those speakers，為復(fù)數(shù)，因此從句中的指示代詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)，應(yīng)把his改為their。

　　13. Whom do you think has left the lights on？

　　放在疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞后的do you think / believe / guess / imagine / suppose等都不參與句子成分，把它們?nèi)サ艉螅�疑�?wèn)詞在句中做主語(yǔ)用主格，做賓語(yǔ)用賓格。本句中去掉do you think后缺的是主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)把Whom改為Who。

　　14. The boss pretended not to see John and I.

　　John和I在句中都做賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)把I 改為me。

　　15. These books are mine; those in the bag are her.

　　Her是形容詞性物主代詞，后面應(yīng)該加名詞books，或把her 改為hers。

　　04

　　數(shù)詞

　　16. There are fourteen hundreds students in our school.

　　Hundred / thousand / million / score/ dozen等詞前有具體數(shù)字時(shí)后不加s，前面沒有具體數(shù)字時(shí)在其后加s 和of，表示大約幾百幾千的概念。如 two hundred students（兩百個(gè)學(xué)生），hundreds of students（成百上千個(gè)學(xué)生）。例句中應(yīng)把hundreds 改為hundred。

　　17. Their school is twice as larger as our school.

　　表倍數(shù)關(guān)系的as...as中間只能用形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)。因此把larger改為large。

　　18. Today’s homework is a five-hundred-words composition.

　　幾個(gè)單詞由連字符連接而組成的復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞只能用單數(shù)，所以把five-hundred-words改為five-hundred-word。

　　19. Two third of the students in our school are from America.

　　英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子大于一時(shí)分母后要加s，所以就把third 改為thirds。

　　05

　　形容詞和副詞

　　形容詞和副詞容易被誤用，形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)也是應(yīng)注意的重點(diǎn)。

　　20. The patient appeared nervously when he talked to the doctor.

　　appear在此是個(gè)系動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。所以把nervously改為nervous。

　　21. The artist worked hardly to finish his drawings on time.

　　此句需要一個(gè)副詞來(lái)修飾，hardly是副詞，但意為“幾乎不”，hard 也可以是副詞，表“ 努力地”，因此把 hardly 改為hard。

　　22. This shirt is more cheaper than that one.

　　More只構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，而不能修飾比較級(jí)。因此把more去掉。

　　23. He is the most successful of the two businessmen.

　　兩者相比較時(shí)，比較級(jí)前用定冠詞，三者或三者以上才用most，因此把most改為more。

　　24. He works less harder than he used to.

　　表不如… 時(shí)用less加上形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)，因此把harder改為hard。

　　25. The book is fairly more interesting than that one.

　　fairly只能修飾形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)，可以修飾比較級(jí)的副詞或短語(yǔ)有：much, even, still, far, a lot, a little, a bit, any, no, by far, rather等，因此把fairly改為rather。

　　26. This is as an interesting a story as the one in the magazine.

　　as … as中間的詞序是as加上形容詞加上a(n)加上名詞再加上as，因此應(yīng)改為as interesting a story as the one。

　　27. The weather here is nicer than Xizang.

　　同樣的事物才能相比較，weather和Xizang不具有可比性，因此應(yīng)改為The weather here is nicer than that of Xizang.

　　28. You shouldn't stand too closely to him.

　　有些副詞有兩種形式，一個(gè)與形容詞同形，一個(gè)以形容詞-ly構(gòu)成，但他們有不同的含義。close靠近、挨近；closely緊密地，緊緊地

　　29. I would rather take a train than went by bus.

　　這個(gè)詞組為would rather do … than do …，因此把went改為go。

　　30. Is there interesting anything at the meeting?

　　修飾anything, something, every-thing, nothing的形容詞都要放在它們的后面。

　　31. I never have seen such a person before.

　　像never之類的副詞在句中應(yīng)放在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前。因?yàn)閼?yīng)改為I have never seen such a person before。

　　32. The book is worth to be read.

　　be worth doing 意為值得被做。因此改為The book is worth reading。

　　33. It is sure that he will succeed.

　　sure 的主語(yǔ)只能為人，而certain的主語(yǔ)可為人和物。因此把sure改為certain。

　　34. He is regarded as one of the best alive writers at present.

　　alive 為表語(yǔ)形容詞，偶爾也做后置定語(yǔ)。因此把a(bǔ)live改為living，或把a(bǔ)live 放在writers后面。

　　35. I don’t know that he has finished the work yet.

　　yet 用于否定和疑問(wèn)句，already用于肯定句。把yet 改為already。

　　36. He said nearly nothing at the meeting.

　　nearly 不與否定詞用在同一個(gè)句子中，而almost可以。因此把nearly 改為almost。

　　06

　　介詞

　　37. He usually goes to school by his father’s car.

　　by加上名詞表示一種交通方式，中間什么都不加，如by car, by bus, by plane等；如果名詞前有其他的詞修飾，則應(yīng)用除by以外的其他介詞，此處把by改為in。

　　38. Please wait me at the school gate.

　　wait為不及物動(dòng)詞，需加介詞for后才能再跟名詞或代詞做賓語(yǔ)。

　　39. He has been married with Betty for more than twenty years.

　　marry不跟 with連用，應(yīng)把with改為to。

　　40. I finished the work on time under the help of him.

　　“在…的幫助下”用with而不用under。

　　07

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

　　41. He can be at home now because the light in his room is still on.

　　表特別有把握的肯定判斷時(shí)用must，表特別有把握的否定判斷時(shí)用can, can表判斷時(shí)只用在否定句中。因此把can 改為must。

　　42. He need come here before the meeting begins.

　　作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)need用在否定，疑問(wèn)和條件句中，一般不用于肯定句中，而作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞時(shí)則可以。所以應(yīng)改為：He needs to come here before the meeting begins.

　　43. He used to get up very early in the morning, and now he is still doing so.

　　used to 用來(lái)表示過(guò)去常常做某事而現(xiàn)在不了，所以應(yīng)把后半句改為：but now he is not doing so.

　　44. I needn’t come yesterday because all the work had been finished.

　　由于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身不體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)，所以在談?wù)撨^(guò)去的事情時(shí)在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加 have done，因此在 needn’t 后加have。

　　45. You hadn’t better stay up too late because you have to get up early tomorrow.

　　had better 的否定在 better 后面加not。

　　08

　　動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

　　英語(yǔ)的常用時(shí)態(tài)有十六種，一般根據(jù)上下文和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)確定時(shí)態(tài)。

　　46. I will tell her about that when she will come tomorrow.

　　主句為將來(lái)時(shí)，其時(shí)間、條件、方式和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。因此將will come改為comes。

　　47. The meeting is about to begin in ten minutes.

　　be about to 一般不與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。因此把 in ten minutes 去掉。

　　48. The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looking at the captain and then died.

　　此處look并非伴隨狀語(yǔ)，而是三個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，因此把looking 改為looked。

　　49. I have bought this bike for ten years and I am still using it now.

　　當(dāng)句中有for加一段時(shí)間作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，此處把bought改為kept。

　　50. I haven’t learnt any English before I came here.

　　我來(lái)這兒已經(jīng)是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，在此之前發(fā)生的事應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。因此應(yīng)把haven’t改為hadn’t。

　　09

　　動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　及物動(dòng)詞用在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要有賓語(yǔ)，因此可以變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；不及物動(dòng)詞用于主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)不能接賓語(yǔ)，因此無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　51. The two thieves have been disappeared.

　　disappear 為不及物動(dòng)詞，因此不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。所以把 been去掉。

　　52. The building built now will be our teaching building.

　　表“現(xiàn)在正在建的”應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，因此在built 前加being。

　　53. He is being operated by the famous doctor.

　　主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完整性，別忘了介詞或副詞。“給…做手術(shù)”應(yīng)為operate on sb，所以在operated 后加上on。

　　54. I wonder if the doctor has been sent.

　　原因同上，應(yīng)在sent 后加上for。

　　55. The book written by him is sold well.

　　說(shuō)一本書暢銷是指書本身的屬性，因此不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。本句應(yīng)改為：The book written by him sells well.

　　56. This history book is worthy reading.

　　“值得被做”可以有如下幾種說(shuō)法：be worth doing; be worthy of being done; be worthy to be done. 因此本句應(yīng)該為：This history book is worthy to be read.

　　10

　　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　57. We are going to talk about the problem discussing at the last meeting.

　　此處為分詞作定語(yǔ)，問(wèn)題應(yīng)該被討論，所以把discussing改為discussed。

　　58. The girl dressed herself in red is my sister.

　　dress為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“給…穿衣服”，此處為分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾girl, girl應(yīng)是它的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，因此把herself去掉。

　　59. Being seriously ill, his class-mates sent him to hospital.

　　分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)為這句話的主語(yǔ)，此句應(yīng)為“因?yàn)樗�病了，他的同學(xué)才把他送到醫(yī)院去”，因此把前半句改為：He being seriously ill.

　　60. Having not seen her for many years, we could hardly recognize her.

　　現(xiàn)在分詞的否定應(yīng)把not放在現(xiàn)在分詞前面，所以前半句應(yīng)改為：Not having seen her for many years.

　　61. Seeing from the space, the earth looks like a ball.

　　分詞作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是這句話的主語(yǔ)，此句中地球應(yīng)該被看，所以把Seeing 改為Seen。

　　62. English is easy to learn it.

　　此句中是不定式作狀語(yǔ), English應(yīng)該是learn的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，所以把it去掉。

　　63. I will get somebody repair the recorder for you.

　　“讓某人做某事”可以有以下幾種表達(dá)法：make sb do sth; have sb do sth; get sb to do sth，因此在repair 前加to。

　　64. She decided to work harder in order to not fall behind the others.

　　不定式的否定把not放在to前面。因此應(yīng)改為：She decided to work harder in order not to fall behind the others.

　　65. It’s better to laugh than crying.

　　表比較時(shí)比較的雙方應(yīng)為同種結(jié)構(gòu)，因此應(yīng)改為：It’s better to laugh than to cry.

　　66. It’s no use to send for the doctor.

　　“ 做某事是沒用的”要說(shuō)成It’s no use doing,所以把to send 改為sending。

　　67. She practices to play the piano after school every day.

　　practise 后只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，因此把to play 改為playing。

　　68. When the teacher came in, he stopped listening to the teacher.

　　stop doing 為停止做這件事，而stop to do 為停下來(lái)正在做的事去做這件事。所以后半句應(yīng)該為：he stopped to listen to the teacher.

　　11

　　名詞性從句

　　69. We are talking about if this plan should be carried out.

　　If 和whether都可以引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句，如果從句做的是介詞賓語(yǔ)，只能用whether引導(dǎo)。所以把if 改為whether。

　　70. I can not decide if to stay or not.

　　只有whether才能和不定式搭配使用。因此把if 改為whether。

　　71. My suggestion is we try for a second time.

　　表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞如為that，一般不省略。因此在we前加上that。

　　72. What will the professor say is not known yet.

　　名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序都是陳述句語(yǔ)序。因此應(yīng)改為：What the professor will say is not known yet.

　　12

　　狀語(yǔ)從句

　　73. I will go unless he invites me.

　　此句意為“除非他邀請(qǐng)我，否則我不去。”而unless相當(dāng)于if not, 所以本句應(yīng)改成：I won’t go unless he invites me。

　　74. Although he tried, but he still couldn’t keep up with the others.

　　although 和but 不能同時(shí)用在一句話中，去掉任何一個(gè)都可以。

　　75. I won’t stay until he comes back.

　　含有not…until的句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，含有until的肯定句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，此句有兩種改法：I will stay until he comes back.或I won’t leave until he comes back.

　　13

　　定語(yǔ)從句

　　76. An orphan is a child who’s parents are dead.

　　定語(yǔ)從句中表“…的”引導(dǎo)詞只有whose，所以把who’s 改為whose。

　　77. This is the very thing which I lost yesterday.

　　如果先行詞為物且前有the only, the last, the very修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞只能用that。

　　78. This is the car for that I paid a high price.

　　定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞為物，而且引導(dǎo)詞放在介詞后時(shí)，只能用which.

　　79. She is one of the students who has passed the exam.

　　定語(yǔ)從句修飾one of 加上復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，復(fù)數(shù)名詞是定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，因此把 has 改為have。

　　80. This is the place where we visited last year.

　　定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞要看定語(yǔ)從句中缺不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，如缺用關(guān)系代詞，如不缺用關(guān)系副詞。此句中visit為及物動(dòng)詞，后無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，因此把where 改為which或that。

　　81. I, who is your friend, can understand you.

　　定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其先行詞保持一致，因此把is 改為am。

　　82. China is a developing country, that is known to all.

　　非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)是that，因此把that 改為which 或as。

　　14

　　主謂一致

　　83. The poet and writer are invited to give a speech at the meeting.

　　poet和writer共用一個(gè)冠詞，指的是一個(gè)人身兼二職，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)。把a(bǔ)re改為is.

　　84. No one except my parents know it.

　　主語(yǔ)后加except再加上若干數(shù)量的名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)保持一致。所以把know改為knows。類似的用法的詞或短語(yǔ)有：but, besides, with, together with, along with, as well as等等。

　　85. Your clothes is on the table over there.

　　clothes為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。把is改為are。

　　86. The number of the students in that school are about one thousand.

　　此句的主語(yǔ)為number而不是students。因此把a(bǔ)re 改為is。

　　87. The class was watching TV when I entered the room.

　　class作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，把它看成一個(gè)整體時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，看成每一個(gè)成員的個(gè)體行為時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，一些具體行為如看電視、吃飯、洗澡等都屬于每一個(gè)成員的個(gè)體行為。此處把was改為were。

　　88. The population of our country are increasing slowly now.

　　population 單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞經(jīng)常用單數(shù)；如果其前有分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)，而且后面又有復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：One fifth of the Chinese population are workers. 此處把a(bǔ)re改為is。

　　15

　　倒裝

　　89. No sooner he had reached the station than the train left.

　　no sooner 為否定副詞，放于句首時(shí)句子要部分倒裝，因此此句應(yīng)改為：No sooner had he reached the station than the train left.

　　90. Here comes he.

　　here 放于句首時(shí)，句子主謂要完全倒裝，但句子主語(yǔ)為代詞時(shí)，則主謂不倒裝。此句應(yīng)改為：Here he comes.

　　91. A child as he is, he can speak five languages.

　　用as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，可把形容詞、副詞和不帶冠詞的名詞放于as前。所以前半句改為：Child as he is...

　　16

　　虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　92. She would have come if we invited her.

　　這是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬假設(shè)，從句應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。所以在 we 后加 had。

　　93.My suggestion is that we would send a few people to help them.

　　suggestion 的表語(yǔ)從句也應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，必須用should加動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。此處去掉would 或把would 改為should。

　　94.The secretary wishes that she has time to type the letter now.

　　wish 后的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該把真實(shí)時(shí)態(tài)往后推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)，所以把has改為had。

　　95.It’s time that we go to bed.

　　句式為It’s time sb did sth.， 所以把 go 改為 went。

　　96.I would rather you have another try tomorrow.

　　句式為would rather sb did sth. 所以把have改為had。

　　17

　　There Be句型

　　97. There are a bag and several books on the table.

　　There be 句式遵循謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就近原則，a bag為單數(shù)，所以把a(bǔ)re改為is。

　　98. There were several people stood at the back of the room.

　　There be句式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be動(dòng)詞，句中其他的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。所以把stood改為standing。

　　18

　　修飾語(yǔ)在居中的位置不當(dāng)

　　99. We almost have written twenty compositions this term.

　　像almost這樣的副詞在句中放在助動(dòng)詞、be動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前。因此把a(bǔ)lmost放在have后面。

　　100. The girl has beautiful, silky hair who lives high in the mountains.

　　定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)緊跟先行詞，所以改為：The girl, who lives high in the mountains, has beautiful, silky hair.

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